Inductive sensor

What is an inductive sensor?

An inductive sensor (inductive proximity sensor) detects only metal objects without touching them. When a metal object enters the magnetic field at its front face, its output changes. With no moving parts, it has a long life.

Where is an inductive sensor used?

It is used to detect metal parts on conveyors, to detect positions and end points on machines, to count gear teeth and shaft revolutions, to check cylinder positions and for counting. It is one of the most common sensors in automation.

Types and selection

Inductive sensors are chosen by sensing distance, housing diameter (M8, M12, M18, M30), output type and connection. Three-wire types have a PNP or NPN output; two-wire types are wired in series with the load and work like a switch; four-wire types have both NO and NC outputs. Wire colours are usually brown (+), blue (−) and black (output).

What to watch out for

The sensor's output type (PNP or NPN) must match the PLC or relay input it is connected to. Sensing distance depends on the metal; it is shorter for metals other than steel. Mount the sensor at a distance where the target part cannot hit it.

Terminals

Inductive sensor

Brown (BN): supply +
Blue (BU): supply -
Black (BK): output

Inductive sensor (2-wire)

Brown (BN) - Blue (BU): in series with the load

Inductive sensor (4-wire)

Brown (BN): supply +
Blue (BU): supply -
Black (BK): NO output
White (WH): NC output

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